The social development of Lev Vygotsky
states that social interaction precedes development. Lev Vygotsky stressed in
his theories that social interaction set the foundation for cognitive
development.
Lev Vygotsky
believed that humans are born with basic abilities for cognitive development,
these abilities are
·
Attention
·
Sensation
·
Perception
·
Memory
Later
on after interaction this basic abilities develops into complex mental process,
Lev Vygotsky talked about the intellectual tools like memory mnemonics and memory
maps which allow children to use basic mental functions more effectively and
this is determined by culture.
Social
influences on cognitive development
Lev
Vygotsky believed that even cognitive task that are performed alone is
influenced by beliefs, values and intellectual tools provided by the cultural
background that the individual is exposed to. Lev Vygotsky said that important
learning by a child is as a result of social interaction with a skilful tutor,
this could occur through verbal instruction or actions of the tutor then
internalised the information using it to guide or regulate their performance.
More
Knowledgeable Other(MKO)
The
term More Knowledgeable Other(MKO) refers to the person that has more knowledge
about a particular topic, aspect or concept than the learner. The MKO doesn’t
necessarily be an older person, it just has to be a person with more knowledge
than the learner.
Zone
of Proximal Development
Zone
of proximal development is another concept of Lev Vygotsky, it deals with the
difference between what a child can achieve independently and what he can
achieve with some guidance. Lev Vygotsky believed that the zone of proximal
development is where sensitive instruction should be given.
Lev Vygotsky believed that
interaction with peers is an effective way of developing skills and strategies,
Lev Vygotsky believed that language develops from social interactions and
communication purpose.
Vygotsky
viewed language as a man’s greatest tool, a means for communicating with the
outside world. Lev Vygotsky believed that language plays two important roles in
cognitive development.
·
It is the main means by which adults
transmit information to children.
·
Language itself becomes a very powerful
tool of intellectual adaptation.
Lev
Vygotsky said there are three forms of language
·
Social speech which is external
communication used to talk to others, this happens from 2yrs old
·
Private speech, which is directed to the
self and serves an intellectual function, this is from 3yrs old
·
and finally private speech goes
underground, diminishing in audibility as it takes on a self-regulating
function and is transformed into silent inner speech this occurs from age 7
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